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Appendix A. Function Prototypes

This appendix contains the function prototypes for the standard ISO C, POSIX, and UNIX System functions described in the text. Often, we want to see only the arguments to a function ("Which argument is the file pointer for fgets?") or only the return value ("Does sprintf return a pointer or a count?"). These prototypes also show which headers need to be included to obtain the definitions of any special constants and to obtain the ISO C function prototype to help detect any compile-time errors.

The page number reference for each function prototype appears to the right of the first header file listed for the function. The page number reference gives the page containing the prototype for the function. That page should be consulted for additional information on the function.

Some functions are supported by only a few of the platforms described in this text. In addition, some platforms support function flags that other platforms don't support. In these cases, we usually list the platforms for which support is provided. In a few cases, however, we list platforms that lack support.

void

abort (void);

  

<stdlib.h>

This function never returns

p. 340

int

accept(intsockfd, struct sockaddr *restrict addr,
       socklen_t *restrict len);

  

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: file (socket) descriptor if OK, 1 on error

p. 563

int

access(const char *pathname, int mode);
             <unistd.h>
             mode: R_OK, W_OK, X_OK, F_OK

  

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 95

unsigned
int

alarm(unsigned int seconds);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 or number of seconds until previously set alarm

p. 313

char

*asctime(const struct tm *tmptr);

  

<time.h>

Returns: pointer to null-terminated string

p. 175

int

atexit(void (*func)(void));

  

<stdlib.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error

p. 182

int

bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr,
 socklen_t len);

  

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 560

void

*calloc(size_t nobj, size_t size);

  

<stdlib.h>

Returns: non-null pointer if OK, NULL on error

p. 189

speed_t

cfgetispeed(const struct termios *termptr);

  

<termios.h>

Returns: baud rate value

p. 652

speed_t

cfgetospeed(const struct termios *termptr);

  

<termios.h>

Returns: baud rate value

p. 652

int

cfsetispeed(struct termios *termptr, speed_t speed);

  

<termios.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 652

int

cfsetospeed(struct termios *termptr, speed_t speed);

  

<termios.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 652

int

chdir(const char *pathname);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 125

int

chmod(const char *pathname, mode_t mode);

  

<sys/stat.h>mode:
S_IS[UG]ID, S_ISVTX, S_I[RWX](USR|GRP|OTH)

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 99

int

chown(const char *pathname, uid_t owner, gid_t group);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 102

void

clearerr(FILE *fp);

  

<stdio.h>

p. 141

int

close(int filedes);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 63

int

closedir(DIR *dp);

  

<dirent.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 120

void

closelog(void);

  

<syslog.h>

p. 430

unsigned
char

*CMSG_DATA(struct cmsghdr *cp);

  

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: pointer to data associated with cmsghdr structure

p. 607

struct
cmsghdr

*CMSG_FIRSTHDR(struct msghdr *mp);

  

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: pointer to first cmsghdr structure associated with the msghdr
structure, or NULL if none exists

p. 607

unsigned
int

CMSG_LEN(unsigned int nbytes);

  

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: size to allocate for data object nbytes large

p. 607

struct
cmsghdr

*CMSG_NXTHDR(struct msghdr *mp, struct cmsghdr *cp);

  

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: pointer to next cmsghdr structure associated with the msghdr
structure given the current cmsghdr structure, or NULL if we're
at the last one

p. 607

int

connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr,
 socklen_t len);

  

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 561

int

creat(const char *pathname, mode_t mode);

  

<fcntl.h>
mode: S_IS[UG]ID, S_ISVTX, S_I[RWX]
(USR|GRP|OTH)

Returns: file descriptor opened for write-only if OK, 1 on error

p. 62

char

*ctermid(char *ptr);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: pointer to name of controlling terminal on success, pointer to
empty string on error

p. 654

char

*ctime(const time_t *calptr);

  

<time.h>

Returns: pointer to null-terminated string

p. 175

int

dup(int filedes);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: new file descriptor if OK, 1 on error

p. 76

int

dup2(int filedes, int filedes2);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: new file descriptor if OK, 1 on error

p. 76

void

endgrent(void);

  

<grp.h>

p. 167

void

endhostent(void);

  

<netdb.h>

p. 553

void

endnetent(void);

  

<netdb.h>

p. 554

void

endprotoent(void);

  

<netdb.h>

p. 554

void

endpwent(void);

  

<pwd.h>

p. 164

void

endservent(void);

  

<netdb.h>

p. 555

void

endspent(void);

  

<shadow.h>

Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p. 166

int

execl(const char *pathname, const char *arg0, ... 
/* (char *) 0 */ );

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 1 on error, no return on success

p. 231

int

execle(const char *pathname, const char *arg0, ...
 /* (char *) 0,
       char *const envp[] */ );

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 1 on error, no return on success

p. 231

int

execlp(const char *filename, const char *arg0, ...
 /* (char *) 0 */ );

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 1 on error, no return on success

p. 231

int

execv(const char *pathname, char *const argv[]);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 1 on error, no return on success

p. 231

int

execve(const char *pathname, char *const argv[],
 char *const envp[]);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 1 on error, no return on success

p. 231

int

execvp(const char *filename, char *const argv[]);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 1 on error, no return on success

p. 231

void

_Exit(int status);

  

<stdlib.h>

This function never returns

p. 180

void

_exit(int status);

  

<unistd.h>

This function never returns

p. 180

void

exit(int status);

  

<stdlib.h>

This function never returns

p. 180

int

fattach(int filedes, const char *path);

  

<stropts.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error
Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p. 589

int

fchdir(int filedes);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 125

int

fchmod(int filedes, mode_t mode);

  

<sys/stat.h>
mode: S_IS[UG]ID, S_ISVTX, S_I[RWX]
(USR|GRP|OTH)

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 99

int

fchown(int filedes, uid_t owner, gid_t group);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 102

int

fclose(FILE *fp);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, EOF on error

p. 139

int

fcntl(int filedes, int cmd, ... /* int arg */ );

  

<fcntl.h>
cmd: F_DUPFD, F_GETFD, F_SETFD, F_GETFL, F_SETFL,
     F_GETOWN, F_SETOWN, F_GETLK, F_SETLK,
 F_SETLKW

Returns: depends on cmd if OK, 1 on error

p. 78

int

fdatasync(int filedes);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error
Platforms : Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p. 77

void

FD_CLR(int fd, fd_set *fdset);

  

<sys/select.h>

p. 476

int

fdetach(const char *path);

  

<stropts.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error
Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p. 590

int

FD_ISSET(int fd, fd_set *fdset);

  

<sys/select.h>

Returns: nonzero if fd is in set, 0 otherwise

p. 476

FILE

*fdopen(int filedes, const char *type);

  

<stdio.h>
type: "r", "w", "a", "r+", "w+", "a+",

Returns: file pointer if OK, NULL on error

p. 138

void

FD_SET(int fd, fd_set *fdset);

  

<sys/select.h>

p. 476

void

FD_ZERO(fd_set *fdset);

  

<sys/select.h>

p. 476

int

feof(FILE *fp);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: nonzero (true) if end of file on stream, 0 (false) otherwise

p. 141

int

ferror(FILE *fp);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: nonzero (true) if error on stream, 0 (false) otherwise

p. 141

int

fflush(FILE *fp);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, EOF on error

p. 137

int

fgetc(FILE *fp);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: next character if OK, EOF on end of file or error

p. 140

int

fgetpos(FILE *restrict fp, fpos_t *restrict pos);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error

p. 148

char

*fgets(char *restrict buf, int n, FILE *restrict fp);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: buf if OK, NULL on end of file or error

p. 142

int

fileno(FILE *fp);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: file descriptor associated with the stream

p. 153

void

flockfile(FILE *fp);

  

<stdio.h>

p. 403

FILE

*fopen(const char *restrict pathname, const char
 *restrict type);

  

<stdio.h>
type: "r", "w", "a", "r+", "w+", "a+",

Returns: file pointer if OK, NULL on error

p. 138

pid_t

fork(void);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 in child, process ID of child in parent, 1 on error

p. 211

long

fpathconf(int filedes, int name);

  

<unistd.h>
name: _PC_ASYNC_IO, _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED,
      _PC_FILESIZEBITS, _PC_LINK_MAX, _PC_MAX_CANON,
      _PC_MAX_INPUT, _PC_NAME_MAX, _PC_NO_TRUNC,
      _PC_PATH_MAX, 'u'_PC_PIPE_BUF, _PC_PRIO_IO,
 _PC_SYNC_IO,
      _PC_SYMLINK_MAX, _PC_VDISABLE

Returns: corresponding value if OK, 1 on error

p. 41

int

fprintf(FILE *restrict fp, const char *restrict
 format, ...);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: number of characters output if OK, negative value if output error

p. 149

int

fputc(int c, FILE *fp);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: c if OK, EOF on error

p. 142

int

fputs(const char *restrict str, FILE *restrict fp);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: non-negative value if OK, EOF on error

p. 143

size_t

fread(void *restrict ptr, size_t size, size_t nobj
, FILE *restrict fp);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: number of objects read

p. 146

void

free(void *ptr);

  

<stdlib.h>

p. 189

void

freeaddrinfo(struct addrinfo *ai);

  

<sys/socket.h>
<netdb.h>

p. 555

FILE

*freopen(const char *restrict pathname, const char
 *restrict type,
         FILE *restrict fp);

  

<stdio.h>type: "r", "w", "a", "r+", "w+", "a+",

Returns: file pointer if OK, NULL on error

p. 138

int

fscanf(FILE *restrict fp, const char *restrict
 format, ...);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: number of input items assigned, EOF if input error or end of file
before any conversion

p. 151

int

fseek(FILE *fp, long offset, int whence);

  

<stdio.h>
whence: SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END

Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error

p. 147

int

fseeko(FILE *fp, off_t offset, int whence);

  

<stdio.h>
whence: SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END

Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error

p. 148

int

fsetpos(FILE *fp, const fpos_t *pos);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error

p. 148

int

fstat(int filedes, struct stat *buf);

  

<sys/stat.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 87

int

fsync(int filedes);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 77

long

ftell(FILE *fp);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: current file position indicator if OK, -1L on error

p. 147

off_t

ftello(FILE *fp);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: current file position indicator if OK, (off_t)-1 on error

p. 148

key_t

ftok(const char *path, int id);

  

<sys/ipc.h>

Returns: key if OK, (key_t)-1 on error

p. 519

int

ftruncate(int filedes, off_t length);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 105

int

ftrylockfile(FILE *fp);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero if lock can't be acquired

p. 403

void

funlockfile(FILE *fp);

  

<stdio.h>

p. 403

int

fwide(FILE *fp, int mode);

  

<stdio.h>
<wchar.h>

Returns: positive if stream is wide oriented, negative if stream is
byte oriented, or 0 if stream has no orientation

p. 134

size_t

fwrite(const void *restrict ptr, size_t size,
 size_t nobj,
       FILE *restrict fp);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: number of objects written

p. 146

const
char

*gai_strerror(int error);

  

<netdb.h>

Returns: a pointer to a string describing the error

p. 556

int

getaddrinfo(const char *restrict host, const char
 *restrict service,
            const struct addrinfo *restrict hint,
            struct addrinfo **restrict res);

  

<sys/socket.h> <netdb.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero error code on error

p. 555

int

getc(FILE *fp);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: next character if OK, EOF on end of file or error

p. 140

int

getchar(void);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: next character if OK, EOF on end of file or error

p. 140

int

getchar_unlocked(void);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: the next character if OK, EOF on end of file or error

p. 403

int

getc_unlocked(FILE *fp);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: the next character if OK, EOF on end of file or error

p. 403

char

*getcwd(char *buf, size_t size);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: buf if OK, NULL on error

p. 126

gid_t

getegid(void);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: effective group ID of calling process

p. 210

char

*getenv(const char *name);

  

<stdlib.h>

Returns: pointer to value associated with name, NULL if not found

p. 192

uid_t

geteuid(void);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: effective user ID of calling process

p. 210

gid_t

getgid(void);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: real group ID of calling process

p. 210

structgroup

*getgrent(void);

  

<grp.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error or end of file

p. 167

structgroup

*getgrgid(gid_t gid);

  

<grp.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p. 166

structgroup

*getgrnam(const char *name);

  

<grp.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p. 166

int

getgroups(int gidsetsize, gid_t grouplist[]);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: number of supplementary group IDs if OK, 1 on error

p. 168

structhostent

*gethostent(void);

  

<netdb.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p. 553

int

gethostname(char *name, int namelen);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 172

char

*getlogin(void);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: pointer to string giving login name if OK, NULL on error

p. 256

int

getmsg(int filedes, struct strbuf *restrict ctlptr,
      struct strbuf *restrict dataptr, int
 *restrict flagptr);

  

<stropts.h>*
flagptr: 0, RS_HIPRI

Returns: non-negative value if OK, 1 on error
Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p. 469

int

getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *restrict addr,
 socklen_t alen,
            char *restrict host, socklen_t hostlen
, char *restrict service,
            socklen_t servlen, unsigned int flags);

  

<sys/socket.h> <netdb.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error

p. 556

structnetent

*getnetbyaddr(uint32_t net, int type);

  

<netdb.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p. 554

structnetent

*getnetbyname(const char *name);

  

<netdb.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p. 554

structnetent

*getnetent(void);

  

<netdb.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p. 554

int

getopt(int argc, const * const argv[], const char
 *options);

  

<fcntl.h>
extern int optind, opterr, optopt;
extern char *optarg;

Returns: the next option character, or 1 when all options have been processed

p. 774

int

getpeername(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *restrict
 addr,
            socklen_t *restrict alenp);

  

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 561

pid_t

getpgid(pid_t pid);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: process group ID if OK, 1 on error

p. 269

pid_t

getpgrp(void);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: process group ID of calling process

p. 269

pid_t

getpid(void);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: process ID of calling process

p. 210

int

getpmsg(int filedes, struct strbuf *restrict ctlptr,
        struct strbuf *restrict dataptr, int
 *restrict bandptr,
        int *restrict flagptr);

  

<stropts.h>
          *flagptr: 0, MSG_HIPRI, MSG_BAND,
 MSG_ANY

Returns: non-negative value if OK, 1 on error
Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p. 469

pid_t

getppid(void);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: parent process ID of calling process

p.210

structprotoent

*getprotobyname(const char *name);

  

<netdb.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p.554

structprotoent

*getprotobynumber(int proto);

  

<netdb.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p.554

structprotoent

*getprotoent(void);

  

<netdb.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error.

p.554

structpasswd

*getpwent(void);

  

<pwd.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error or end of file

p.164

structpasswd

*getpwnam(const char *name);

  

<pwd.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p.163

structpasswd

*getpwuid(uid_tuid);

  

<pwd.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p.163

int

getrlimit(int resource, struct rlimit *rlptr);

  

<sys/resource.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error

p.202

char

*gets(char *buf);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: buf if OK, NULL on end of file or error

p142

structservent

*getservbyname(const char *name, const char *proto);

  

<netdb.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p.555

structservent

*getservbyport(int port, const char *proto);

  

<netdb.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p.555

structservent

*getservent(void);

  

<netdb.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p.555

pid_t

getsid(pid_t pid);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: session leader's process group ID if OK, 1 on error

p.271

int

getsockname(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *restrict
 addr,
            socklen_t *restrict alenp);

  

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.561

int

getsockopt(int sockfd, int level, int option, void
 *restrict val,
           socklen_t *restrict lenp);

  

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.579

structspwd

*getspent(void);

  

<shadow.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p.166

structspwd

*getspnam(const char *name);

  

<shadow.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p.166

int

gettimeofday(struct timeval *restrict tp, void
 *restrict tzp);

  

<sys/time.h>

Returns: 0 always

p.173

uid_t

getuid(void);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: real user ID of calling process

p.210

structtm

*gmtime(const time_t *calptr);

  

<time.h>

Returns: pointer to broken-down time

p.175

int

grantpt(int filedes);

  

<stdlib.h>

Returns: 0 on success, 1 on error

Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p.682

uint32_t

htonl(uint32_t hostint32);

  

<arpa/inet.h>

Returns: 32-bit integer in network byte order

p.550

uint16_t

htons(uint16_t hostint16);

  

<arpa/inet.h>

Returns: 16-bit integer in network byte order

p.550

constchar

*inet_ntop(int domain, const void *restrict addr,
 char *restrict str,
           socklen_t size);

  

<arpa/inet.h>

Returns: pointer to address string on success, NULL on error

p.552

int

inet_pton(int domain, const char *restrict str,
 void *restrict addr);

  

<arpa/inet.h>

Returns: 1 on success, 0 if the format is invalid, or 1 on error

p.552

int

initgroups(const char *username, gid_t basegid);

  

         <grp.h>    /* Linux & Solaris */
         <unistd.h> /* FreeBSD & Mac OS X *
/

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.168

int

ioctl(int filedes, int request, ...);

  

         <unistd.h>        /* System V */
         <sys/ioctl.h>     /* BSD and Linux */
         <stropts.h>       /* XSI STREAMS *
/

Returns: 1 on error, something else if OK

p.83

int

isastream(int filedes);

  

<stropts.h>

Returns: 1 (true) if STREAMS device, 0 (false) otherwise

Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p.465

int

isatty(int filedes);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 1 (true) if terminal device, 0 (false) otherwise

p.655

int

 kill(pid_t pid, int signo);

  

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.312

int

lchown(const char *pathname, uid_t owner, gid_t
 group);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.102

int

link(const char *existingpath, const char *newpath);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.109

int

listen(int sockfd, int backlog);

  

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.563

structtm

*localtime(const time_t *calptr);

  

<time.h>

Returns: pointer to broken-down time

p.175

void

longjmp(jmp_buf env, int val);

  

<setjmp.h>

This function never returns

p. 197

off_t

lseek(int filedes, off_t offset, int whence);

  

<unistd.h>
whence; SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END

Returns: new file offset if OK, 1 on error

p.63

int

lstat(const char *restrict pathname, struct stat
 *restrict buf;

  

<sys/stat.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.87

void

*malloc(size_t size);

  

<stdlib.h>

Returns: non-null pointer if OK, NULL on error

p.189

int

mkdir(const char *pathname, mode_t mode;

  

<sys/stat.h>
mode: S_IS[UG]ID, S_ISVTX, S_I[RWX]
(USR|GRP|OTH)

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.119

int

mkfifo(const char *pathname, mode_t mode);

  

<sys/stat.h>
mode: S_IS[UG]ID, S_ISVTX, S_I[RWX]
(USR|GRP|OTH)

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.514

int

mkstemp(char *template);

  

<stdlib.h>

Returns: file descriptor if OK, 1 on error

p.158

time_t

mktime(struct tm *tmptr);

  

<time.h>

Returns: calendar time if OK, 1 on error

p.175

caddr_t

mmap(void *addr, size_t len, int prot, int flag,
 int filedes, off_t off);

  

<sys/mman.h>
prot: PROT_READ, PROT_WRITE, PROT_EXEC, PROT_NONE
flag: MAP_FIXED, MAP_SHARED, MAP_PRIVATE

Returns: starting address of mapped region if OK, MAP_FAILED on error

p.487

int

mprotect(void *addr, size_t len, int prot);

  

<sys/mman.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.489

int

msgctl(int msqid, int cmd, struct msqid_ds *buf );

  

<sys/msg.h>
cmd: IPC_STAT, IPC_SET, IPC_RMID

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error
Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4 .22, Solaris 9

p.524

int

msgget(key_t key, int flag);

  

<sys/msg.h>
flag: 0, IPC_CREAT, IPC_EXCL

Returns: message queue ID if OK, 1 on error
Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p.524

ssize_t

msgrcv(int msqid, void *ptr, size_t nbytes, long
 type, int flag);

  

<sys/msg.h>
flag: 0, IPC_NOWAIT, MSG_NOERROR

Returns: size of data portion of message if OK, 1 on error
Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p.526

int

msgsnd(int msqid, const void *ptr, size_t nbytes,
 int flag);

  

<sys/msg.h>
flag: 0, IPC_NOWAIT

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error
Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p.525

int

msync(void *addr, size_t len, int flags);

  

<sys/mman.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.490

int

munmap(caddr_t addr, size_t len);

  

<sys/mman.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.490

uint32_t

ntohl(uint32_tnetint32);

  

<arpa/inet.h>

Returns: 32-bit integer in host byte order

p.550

uint16_t

ntohs(uint16_t netint16);

  

<arpa/inet.h>

Returns: 16-bit integer in host byte order

p.550

int

open(const char *pathname, int oflag, ... /*
 mode_t mode */ );

  

<fcntl.h>
oflag: O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR;
       O_APPEND, O_CREAT, O_DSYNC, O_EXCL, O_NOCTTY,
       O_NONBLOCK, O_RSYNC, O_SYNC, O_TRUNC
mode: S_IS[UG]ID, S_ISVTX, S_I[RWX]
(USR|GRP|OTH)

Returns: file descriptor if OK, 1 on error
Platforms: O_FSYNC flag on FreeBSD 5.2.1 and Mac OS X 10.3

p.60

DIR

*opendir(const char *pathname);

  

<direct.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p.120

void

openlog(char *ident, int option, int facility;

  

<syslog.h>
  option: LOG_CONS, LOG_NDELAY, LOG_NOWAIT,
 LOG_ODELAY,
          LOG_PERROR, LOG_PID
facility: LOG_AUTH, LOG_AUTHPRIV, LOG_CRON,
 LOG_DAEMON,
          LOG_FTP, LOG_KERN, LOG_LOCAL[0-7], LOG_LPR,
          LOG_MAIL, LOG_NEWS, LOG_SYSLOG, LOG_USER
, LOG_UUCP

p.430

long

pathconf(const char *pathname, int name);

  

<unistd.h>
name: _PC_ASYNC_IO, _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED,
      _PC_FILESIZEBITS, _PC_LINK_MAX, _PC_MAX_CANON,
      _PC_MAX_INPUT, _PC_NAME_MAX, _PC_NO_TRUNC,
      _PC_PATH_MAX, _PC_PIPE_BUF, _PC_PRIO_IO,
      _PC_SYMLINK_MAX, _PC_SYNC_IO,
 _PC_VDISABLE

Returns: corresponding value if OK, 1 on

p.41

int

pause(void);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 1 with errno set to EINTR

p.313

int

pclose(FILE *fp);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: termination status of popen cmdstring, or 1 on error

p.503

void

perror(const char *msg);

  

<stdio.h>

p.15

int

pipe(int filedes[2]);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.497

int

poll(struct pollfd fdarray[], nfds_t nfds, int
 timeout);

  

<poll.h>

Returns: count of ready descriptors, 0 on timeout, 1 on error
Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p.479

FILE

*popen(const char *cmdstring, const char *type);

  

<stdio.h>
type: "r", "w"

Returns: file pointer if OK, NULL on error

p.503

int

posix_openpt(int oflag);

  

<stdlib.h>
<fcntl.h>
oflag: O_RWDR, O_NOCTTY

Returns: file descriptor of next available PTY master if OK, 1 on error
Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1

p.681

ssize_t

pread(int filedes, void *buf, size_t nbytes, off_t
 offset);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: number of bytes read, 0 if end of file, 1 on error

p.75

int

printf(const char *restrict format, ...);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: number of characters output if OK, negative value if output error

p.149

int

pselect(int maxfdp1, fd_set *restrict readfds,
 fd_set *restrict writefds,
        fd_set *restrict exceptfds, const struct
 timespec *restrict tsptr,
        const sigset_t *restrict sigmask);

  

<sys/select.h>

Returns: count of ready descriptors, 0 on timeout, 1 on error
Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2 .1, Linux 2.4.22, Mac OS X 10.3

p.478

void

psignal(int signo, const char *msg);

  

<signal.h>
<siginfo.h> /* on Solaris */

p.352

int

pthread_atfork(void (*prepare)(void), void 
(*parent)(void),
               void (*child)(void);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.417

int

pthread_attr_destroy(pthread_attr_t *attr);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.389

int

pthread_attr_getdetachstate(const pthread_attr_t
 *restrict attr,
                            int *detachstate);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.390

int

pthread_attr_getguardsize(const pthread_attr_t
 *restrict attr,
                          size_t *restricts
 guardsize);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.392

int

pthread_attr_getstack(const pthread_attr_t
 *restrict attr, void
                      **restrict stackaddr, size_t
 *restrictstacksize);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.391

int

pthread_attr_getstacksize(const pthread_attr_t
 *restrict attr,
                          size_t *restrict stacksize);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.392

int

pthread_attr_init(pthread_attr_t *attr);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.389

int

pthread_attr_setdetachstate(pthread_attr_t *attr,
 int detachstate);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.390

int

pthread_attr_setguardsize(pthread_attr_t *attr,
 size_t guardsize);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.392

int

pthread_attr_setstack(const pthread_attr_t *attr,
 void *stackaddr,
                      size_t *stacksize);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.391

int

pthread_attr_setstacksize(pthread_attr_t *attr,
 size_t stacksize);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.392

int

pthread_cancel(pthread_t tid);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.365

void

pthread_cleanup_pop(int execute);

  

<pthread.h>

p.365

void

pthread_cleanup_push(void (*rtn)(void *), void *arg);

  

<pthread.h>

p.365

int

pthread_condattr_destroy(pthread_condattr_t *attr);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.401

int

pthread_condattr_getpshared(const
 pthread_condattr_t *restrict attr,
                            int *restrict pshared);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.401

int

pthread_condattr_init(pthread_condattr_t *attr);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.401

int

pthread_condattr_setpshared(pthread_condattr_t
 *attr, int pshared);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.401

int

pthread_cond_broadcast(pthread_cond_t *cond);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.384

int

pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *cond);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.383

int

pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *restrict cond,
                  pthread_condattr_t *restrict attr);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 383

int

pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t *cond);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 384

int

pthread_cond_timedwait(pthread_cond_t *restrict cond,
                       pthread_mutex_t *restrict
 mutex,
                       const struct timespec
 *restrict timeout);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 383

int

pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *restrict cond,
                  pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 383

int

pthread_create(pthread_t *restrict tidp,
               const pthread_attr_t *restrict attr,
               void *(*start_rtn)(void), void
 *restrict arg);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 357

int

pthread_detach(pthread_t tid);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 368

int

pthread_equal(pthread_t tid1, pthread_t tid2);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: nonzero if equal, 0 otherwise

p. 357

void

pthread_exit(void *rval_ptr);

  

<pthread.h>

p. 361

int

pthread_getconcurrency(void);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: current concurrency level

p. 393

void

*pthread_getspecific(pthread_key_t key);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: thread-specific data value or NULL if no value has been associated with the key

p. 408

int

pthread_join(pthread_t thread, void **rval_ptr);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 361

int

pthread_key_create(pthread_key_t *keyp, void 
(*destructor)(void *);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 406

int

pthread_key_delete(pthread_key_t *key);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 407

int

pthread_kill(pthread_t thread, int signo);

  

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 414

int

pthread_mutexattr_destroy(pthread_mutexattr_t *attr);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 393

int

pthread_mutexattr_getpshared(const
 pthread_mutexattr_t *restrict attr, int *restrict
 pshared);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 394

int

pthread_mutexattr_gettype(const
 pthread_mutexattr_t *restrict attr,
                          int *restrict type);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 395

int

pthread_mutexattr_init(pthread_mutexattr_t *attr);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 393

int

pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(pthread_mutexattr_t
 *attr, int pshared);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 394

int

pthread_mutexattr_settype(pthread_mutexattr_t
 *attr, int type);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 395

int

pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 371

int

pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex,
                   const pthread_mutexattr_t
 *restrict attr);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 371

int

pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 371

int

pthread_mutex_trylock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 371

int

pthread_mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 371

int

pthread_once(pthread_once_t *initflag, void 
(*initfn)(void);

  

<pthread.h>
pthread_once_t initflag = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 408

int

pthread_rwlockattr_destroy(pthread_rwlockattr_t
 *attr);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 400

int

pthread_rwlockattr_getpshared(const
 pthread_rwlockattr_t *restrict attr,
                              int *restrict pshared);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 400

int

pthread_rwlockattr_init(pthread_rwlockattr_t *attr);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 400

int

pthread_rwlockattr_setpshared(pthread_rwlockattr_t
 *attr, int pshared);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 400

int

pthread_rwlock_destroy(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 379

int

pthread_rwlock_init(pthread_rwlock_t *restrict rwlock,
                    const pthread_rwlockattr_t
 *restrict attr);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 379

int

pthread_rwlock_rdlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 379

int

pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 379

int

pthread_rwlock_trywrlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 379

int

pthread_rwlock_unlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 379

int

pthread_rwlock_wrlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 379

pthread_t

pthread_self(void);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: thread ID of the calling thread

p. 357

int

pthread_setcancelstate(int state, int *oldstate);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 410

int

pthread_setcanceltype(int type, int *oldtype);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 411

int

pthread_setconcurrency(int level);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 393

int

pthread_setspecific(pthread_key_t key, const void
 *value);

  

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 408

int

pthread_sigmask(int how, const sigset_t *restrict set,
                sigset_t *restrict> oset);

  

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 413

void

pthread_testcancel(void);

  

<pthread.h>

p. 411

char

*ptsname(int filedes);

  

<stdlib.h>

Returns: pointer to name of PTY slave if OK, NULL on error

Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p. 682

int

putc(int c, FILE *fp);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: c if OK, EOF on error

p. 142

int

putchar(int c);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: c if OK, EOF on error

p. 142

int

putchar_unlocked(int c);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: c if OK, EOF on error

p. 403

int

putc_unlocked(int c, FILE *fp);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: c if OK, EOF on error

p. 403

int

putenv(char *str);

  

<stdlib.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error

p. 194

int

putmsg(int filedes, const struct strbuf *ctlptr,
       const struct strbuf *dataptr, int flag)

  

<stropts.h>
flag: 0, RS_HIPRI

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p. 463

int

putpmsg(int filedes, const struct strbuf *ctlptr,
        const struct strbuf *dataptr, int band,
 int flag);

  

<stropts.h>
flag: 0, MSG_HIPRI, MSG_BAND

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p. 463

int

puts(const char *str);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: non-negative value if OK, EOF on error

p. 143

ssize_t

pwrite(int filedes, const void *buf, size_t nbytes
, off_t offset);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: number of bytes written if OK, 1 on error

p. 75

int

raise(int signo);

  

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 312

ssize_t

read(int filedes, void *buf, size_t nbytes);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: number of bytes read if OK, 0 if end of file, 1 on error

p. 67

struct
dirent

*readdir(DIR *dp);

  

<dirent.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL at end of directory or error

p. 120

int

readlink(const char *restrict pathname, char
 *restrict buf,
         size_t bufsize);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: number of bytes read if OK, 1 on error

p. 115

ssize_t

readv(int filedes, const struct iovec *iov, int
 iovcnt;

  

<sys/uio.h>

Returns: number of bytes read if OK, 1 on error

p. 483

void

*realloc(void *ptr, size_t newsize);

  

<stdlib.h>

Returns: non-null pointer if OK, NULL on error

p. 189

ssize_t

recv(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, int flags);

  

<sys/socket.h>
flags: 0, MSG_PEEK, MSG_OOB, MSG_WAITALL

Returns: length of message in bytes, 0 if no messages are available and peer has done an orderly shutdown, or 1 on error

Platforms: MSG_TRUNC flag on Linux 2.4.22

p. 567

ssize_t

recvfrom(int sockfd, void *restrict buf, size_t
 len, int flags,
         struct sockaddr *restrict addr, socklen_t
 *restrict addrlen);

  

<sys/socket.h>
flags: 0, MSG_PEEK, MSG_OOB, MSG_WAITALL

Returns: length of message in bytes, 0 if no messages are available and peer has done an orderly shutdown, or 1 on error

Platforms: MSG_TRUNC flag on Linux 2.4.22

p. 567

ssize_t

recvmsg(int sockfd, struct msghdr *msg, int flags;

  

<sys/socket.h>
flags: 0, MSG_PEEK, MSG_OOB, MSG_WAITALL

Returns: length of message in bytes, 0 if no messages are available

and peer has done an orderly shutdown, or 1 on error

Platforms: MSG_TRUNC flag on Linux 2.4.22

p. 568

int

remove(const char *pathname);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 111

int

rename(const char *oldname, const char *newname);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 111

void

rewind(FILE *fp);

  

<stdio.h>

p. 147

void

rewinddir(DIR *dp);

  

<dirent.h>

p. 120

int

rmdir(const char *pathname);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 120

int

scanf(const char *restrict format, ...);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: number of input items assigned, EOF if input error or

end of file before any conversion

p. 151

void

seekdir(DIR *dp, long loc);

  

<dirent.h>

p. 120

int

select(int maxfdp1, fd_set *restrict readfds,
       fd_set *restrict writefds, fd_set *restrict
 exceptfds, struct timeval *restrict tvptr);

  

<sys/select.h>

Returns: count of ready descriptors, 0 on timeout, 1 on error

p. 475

int

semctl(int semid, int semnum, int cmd, ... /*
 union semun arg */ );

  

<sys/sem.h>
cmd: IPC_STAT, IPC_SET, IPC_RMID, GETPID, GETNCNT,
     GETZCNT, GETVAL, SETVAL, GETALL, SETALL

Returns: (depends on command)

p. 529

int

semget(key_t key, int nsems, int flag);

  

<sys/sem.h>
flag: 0, IPC_CREAT, IPC_EXCL

Returns: semaphore ID if OK, 1 on error

p. 529

int

semop(int semid, struct sembuf semoparray[],
 size_t nops);

  

<sys/sem.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 530

ssize_t

send(int sockfd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes,
 int flags);

  

<sys/socket.h>
flags: 0, MSG_DONTROUTE, MSG_EOR, MSG_OOB

Returns: number of bytes sent if OK, 1 on error

Platforms: MSG_DONTWAIT flag on FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Mac OS X 10.3 MSG_EOR flag not on Solaris 9

p. 565

ssize_t

sendmsg(int sockfd, const struct msghdr *msg, int
 flags);

  

<sys/socket.h>
flags: 0, MSG_DONTROUTE, MSG_EOR, MSG_OOB

Returns: number of bytes sent if OK, 1 on error

Platforms: MSG_DONTWAIT flag on FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Mac OS X 10.3 MSG_EOR flag not on Solaris 9

p. 566

ssize_t

sendto(int sockfd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes,
 int flags,
       const struct sockaddr *destaddr, socklen_t
 destlen);

  

<sys/socket.h>
flags: 0, MSG_DONTROUTE, MSG_EOR, MSG_OOB

Returns: number of bytes sent if OK, 1 on error

Platforms: MSG_DONTWAIT flag on FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Mac OS X 10.3 MSG_EOR flag not on Solaris 9

p. 566

void

setbuf(FILE *restrict fp, char *restrict buf );

  

<stdio.h>

p. 136

int

setegid(gid_t gid);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 241

int

setenv(const char *name, const char *value, int
 rewrite);

  

<stdlib.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error

p. 194

int

seteuid(uid_t uid);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 241

int

setgid(gid_t gid);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 237

void

setgrent(void);

  

<grp.h>

p. 167

int

setgroups(int ngroups, const gid_t grouplist[]);

  

<grp.h>    /* on Linux */
<unistd.h> /* on FreeBSD, Mac OS X, and Solaris */

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 168

void

sethostent(int stayopen);

  

<netdb.h>

p. 553

int

setjmp(jmp_buf env);

  

<setjmp.h>

Returns: 0 if called directly, nonzero if returning from a call to longjmp

p. 197

int

setlogmask(int maskpri);

  

<syslog.h>

Returns: previous log priority mask value

p. 430

void

setnetent(int stayopen);

  

<netdb.h>

p. 554

int

setpgid(pid_t pid, pid_t pgid);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 269

void

setprotoent(int stayopen);

  

<netdb.h>

p. 554

void

setpwent(void);

  

<pwd.h>

p. 164

int

setregid(gid_t rgid, gid_t egid);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 240

int

setreuid(uid_t ruid, uid_t euid);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 240

int

setrlimit(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlptr);

  

<sys/resource.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error

p. 202

void

setservent(int stayopen);

  

<netdb.h>

p. 555

pid_t

setsid(void);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: process group ID if OK, 1 on error

p. 271

int

setsockopt(int sockfd, int level, int option,
 const void *val, socklen_t len);

  

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 579

void

setspent(void);

  

<shadow.h>

Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p. 166

int

setuid(uid_t uid);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 237

int

setvbuf(FILE *restrict fp, char *restrict buf, int
 mode, size_t size);

  

<stdio.h>
mode: _IOFBF, _IOLBF, _IONBF

Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error

p. 136

void

*shmat(int shmid, const void *addr, int flag);

  

<sys/shm.h>flag: 0, SHM_RND, SHM_RDONLY

Returns: pointer to shared memory segment if OK, 1 on error

p. 536

int

shmctl(int shmid, int cmd, struct shmid_ds *buf );

  

<sys/shm.h>
cmd: IPC_STAT, IPC_SET, IPC_RMID,
     SHM_LOCK, SHM_UNLOCK

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 535

int

shmdt(void *addr);

  

<sys/shm.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 536

int

shmget(key_t key, int size, int flag);

  

<sys/shm.h>
flag: 0, IPC_CREAT, IPC_EXCL

Returns: shared memory ID if OK, 1 on error

p. 534

int

shutdown(int sockfd, int how);

  

<sys/socket.h>
how: SHUT_RD, SHUT_WR, SHUT_RDWR

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 548

int

sig2str(int signo, char *str);

  

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error Platforms: Solaris 9

p. 353

int

sigaction(int signo, const struct sigaction
 *restrict act,
          struct sigaction *restrict oact);

  

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 324

int

sigaddset(sigset_t *set, int signo);

  

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 319

int

sigdelset(sigset_t *set, int signo);

  

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 319

int

sigemptyset(sigset_t *set);

  

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 319

int

sigfillset(sigset_t *set);

  

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 319

int

sigismember(const sigset_t *set, int signo);

  

<signal.h>

Returns: 1 if true, 0 if false, 1 on error

p. 319

void

siglongjmp(sigjmp_buf env, int val);

  

<setjmp.h>

This function never returns

p. 330

void

(*signal(int signo, void (*func)(int)))(int);

  

<signal.h>

Returns: previous disposition of signal if OK, SIG_ERR on error

p. 298

int

sigpending(sigset_t *set);

  

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 322

int

sigprocmask(int how, const sigset_t *restrict set,
            sigset_t *restrict oset);

  

<signal.h>
how: SIG_BLOCK, SIG_UNBLOCK, SIG_SETMASK

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 320

int

sigsetjmp(sigjmp_buf env, int savemask);

  

<setjmp.h>

Returns: 0 if called directly, nonzero if returning from a call to siglongjmp

p. 330

int

sigsuspend(const sigset_t *sigmask);

  

<signal.h>

Returns: 1 with errno set to EINTR

p. 334

int

sigwait(const sigset_t *restrict set, int
 *restrict signop);

  

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 413

unsigned
int

sleep(unsigned int seconds);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 or number of unslept seconds

p. 347

int

snprintf(char *restrict buf, size_t n, const char
 *restrict format, ...);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: number of characters stored in array if OK, negative value if encoding error

p. 149

int

sockatmark(int sockfd);

  

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: 1 if at mark, 0 if not at mark, 1 on error

p. 582

int

socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);

  

<sys/socket.h>

type: SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_SEQPACKET,

Returns: file (socket) descriptor if OK, 1 on error

p. 546

int

socketpair(int domain, int type, int protocol, int
 sockfd[2]);

  

<sys/socket.h>
type: SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_SEQPACKET,

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 594

int

sprintf(char *restrict buf, const char *restrict
 format, ...);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: number of characters stored in array if OK, negative value if encoding error

p. 149

int

sscanf(const char *restrict buf, const char
 *restrict format, ...);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: number of input items assigned, EOF if input error or end of file before any conversion

p. 151

int

stat(const char *restrict pathname, struct stat
 *restrict buf);

  

<sys/stat.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 87

int

str2sig(const char *str, int *signop);

  

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error Platforms: Solaris 9

p. 353

char

*strerror(int errnum);

  

<string.h>

Returns: pointer to message string

p. 15

size_t

strftime(char *restrict buf, size_t maxsize,
         const char *restrict format, const struct
 tm *restrict tmptr);

  

<time.h>

Returns: number of characters stored in array if room, 0 otherwise

p. 176

char

*strsignal(int signo);

  

<string.h>

Returns: a pointer to a string describing the signal

p. 352

int

symlink(const char *actualpath, const char *sympath);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 115

void

sync(void);

  

<unistd.h>

p. 77

long

sysconf(int name);

  

<unistd.h>
name: _SC_ARG_MAX, _SC_ATEXIT_MAX, _SC_CHILD_MAX
,_SC_CLK_TCK, _SC_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX,
      _SC_HOST_NAME_MAX, _SC_IOV_MAX, _SC_JOB_CONTROL,
      _SC_LINE_MAX, _SC_LOGIN_NAME_MAX,
 _SC_NGROUPS_MAX,
      _SC_OPEN_MAX, _SC_PAGESIZE, _SC_PAGE_SIZE,
      _SC_READER_WRITER_LOCKS, _SC_RE_DUP_MAX,
      _SC_SAVED_IDS, _SC_SHELL, _SC_STREAM_MAX,
      _SC_SYMLOOP_MAX, _SC_TTY_NAME_MAX,
 _SC_TZNAME_MAX,
      _SC_VERSION, _SC_XOPEN_CRYPT, _SC_XOPEN_LEGACY,
      _SC_XOPEN_REALTIME, _SC_XOPEN_REALTIME_THREADS,
      _SC_XOPEN_VERSION

Returns: corresponding value if OK, 1 on error

p. 41

void

syslog(int priority, char *format, ...);

  

<syslog.h>

p. 430

int

system(const char *cmdstring);

  

<stdlib.h>

Returns: termination status of shell

p. 246

int

tcdrain(int filedes);

  

<termios.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 653

int

tcflow(int filedes, int action);

  

<termios.h>
action: TCOOFF, TCOON, TCIOFF, TCION

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 653

int

tcflush(int filedes, int queue);

  

<termios.h>
queue: TCIFLUSH, TCOFLUSH, TCIOFLUSH

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 653

int

tcgetattr(int filedes, struct termios *termptr);

  

<termios.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 643

pid_t

tcgetpgrp(int filedes);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: process group ID of foreground process group if OK, 1 on error

p. 273

pid_t

tcgetsid(int filedes);

  

<termios.h>

Returns: session leader's process group ID if OK, 1 on error

p. 274

int

tcsendbreak(int filedes, int duration);

  

<termios.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 653

int

tcsetattr(int filedes, int opt, const struct
 termios *termptr);

  

<termios.h>
opt: TCSANOW, TCSADRAIN, TCSAFLUSH

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 643

int

tcsetpgrp(int filedes, pid_t pgrpid);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 273

long

telldir(DIR *dp);

  

<dirent.h>

Returns: current location in directory associated with dp

p. 120

char

*tempnam(const char *directory, const char *prefix);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: pointer to unique pathname

p. 157

time_t

time(time_t *calptr);

  

<time.h>

Returns: value of time if OK, 1 on error

p. 173

clock_t

times(struct tms *buf);

  

<sys/times.h>

Returns: elapsed wall clock time in clock ticks if OK, 1 on error

p. 257

FILE

*tmpfile(void);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: file pointer if OK, NULL on error

p. 155

char

*tmpnam(char *ptr);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: pointer to unique pathname

p. 155

int

truncate(const char *pathname, off_t length);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 105

char

*ttyname(int filedes);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: pointer to pathname of terminal, NULL on error

p. 655

mode_t

umask(mode_t cmask);

  

<sys/stat.h>

Returns: previous file mode creation mask

p. 97

int

uname(struct utsname *name);

  

<sys/utsname.h>

Returns: non-negative value if OK, 1 on error

p. 171

int

ungetc(int c, FILE *fp);

  

<stdio.h>

Returns: c if OK, EOF on error

p. 141

int

unlink(const char *pathname);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 109

int

unlockpt(int filedes);

  

<stdlib.h>

Returns: 0 on success, 1 on error

Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p. 682

void

unsetenv(const char *name);

  

<stdlib.h>

p. 194

int

utime(const char *pathname, const struct utimbuf
 *times);

  

<utime.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 116

int

vfprintf(FILE *restrict fp, const char *restrict
 format, va_list arg);

  

<stdarg.h>
<stdio.h>

Returns: number of characters output if OK, negative value if output error

p. 151

int

vfscanf(FILE *restrict fp, const char *restrict
 format, va_list arg);

  

<stdarg.h>
<stdio.h>

Returns: number of input items assigned, EOF if input error or end of file before any conversion

p. 151

int

vprintf(const char *restrict format, va_list arg);

  

<stdarg.h>
<stdio.h>

Returns: number of characters output if OK, negative value if output error

p. 151

int

vscanf(const char *restrict format, va_list arg);

  

<stdarg.h>
<stdio.h>

Returns: number of input items assigned, EOF if input error or end of file before any conversion

p. 151

int

vsnprintf(char *restrict buf, size_t n, const char
 *restrict format,
          va_list arg);

  

<stdarg.h>
<stdio.h>

Returns: number of characters stored in array if OK, negative value if encoding error

p. 151

int

vsprintf(char *restrict buf, const char *restrict
 format, va_list arg);

  

<stdarg.h>
<stdio.h>

Returns: number of characters stored in array if OK, negative value if encoding error

p. 151

int

vsscanf(const char *restrict buf, const char
 *restrict format,
        va_list arg);

  

<stdarg.h>
<stdio.h>

Returns: number of input items assigned, EOF if input error or end of file before any conversion

p. 151

void

vsyslog (int priority, const char *format, va_list
 arg);

  

<syslog.h>
<stdarg.h>

p. 432

pid_t

wait(int *statloc);

  

<sys/wait.h>

Returns: process ID if OK, 0, or 1 on error

p. 220

int

waitid(idtype_t idtype, id_t id, siginfo_t *infop,
 int options);

  

<sys/wait.h>
idtype: P_PID, P_PGID, P_ALL
options: WCONTINUED, WEXITED, WNOHANG, WNOWAIT,
 WSTOPPED

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

Platforms: Solaris 9

p. 220

pid_t

waitpid(pid_t pid, int *statloc, int options);

  

<sys/wait.h>
options: 0, WCONTINUED, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED

Returns: process ID if OK, 0, or 1 on error

p. 220

pid_t

wait3(int *statloc, int options, struct rusage
 *rusage);

  

<sys/types.h>
<sys/wait.h>
<sys/time.h>
<sys/resource.h>
options: 0, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED

Returns: process ID if OK, 0, or 1 on error

p. 227

pid_t

wait4(pid_t pid, int *statloc, int options, struct
 rusage *rusage);

  

<sys/types.h>
<sys/wait.h>
<sys/time.h>
<sys/resource.h>
options: 0, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED

Returns: process ID if OK, 0, or 1 on error

p. 227

ssize_t

write(int filedes, const void *buf, size_t nbytes);

  

<unistd.h>

Returns: number of bytes written if OK, 1 on error

p. 68

ssize_t

writev(int filedes, const struct iovec *iov, int
 iovcnt);

  

<sys/uio.h>

Returns: number of bytes written if OK, 1 on error

p. 483


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